International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Simultaneous Adsorptive Removal of Cyanide and Phenol from Industrial Wastewater: Optimization of Process Parameters

    ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, INDIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 1, Issue (4), Pages 30-39, July,18 (2011)

Abstract

Cyanide and phenol are found extensively in the effluents of refinery, coke plant, electroplating industries and are extremely dangerous to environment. Commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of cyanide and phenol in the present study. The effect of process parameters such as pH, temperature (T), adsorbent dose (D) and contact time (t) on the performance of adsorption was investigated. Optimum pH was found to be 8 for simultaneous removal of cyanide and phenol. Temperature did not have any significant on cyanide removal, but phenol removal was observed to increase with the increase in temperature. Both compounds were optimally removed at 35 oC. The percentage removal of compounds increased with an increase in the concentration of GAC. However the specific uptake did not increase on GAC concentration’s greater than 30 g/L, which was considered as the optimum dose of adsorbent. Removal of cyanide was slightly higher than that of phenol, but the difference is not significant, at optimum conditions.

References

  1. Ebbs S., Biological degradation of cyanide compounds, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 15(2004)
  2. Meikap M.C. and Roy G.K., Removal of phenolics from industrial waste water by Semifluidized Bed Bio reactor, J 1PHE., 3 (1997)
  3. Dash R.R., Gaur A. and Balomajumder C., Cyanide in industrial wastewaters and its removal: A review on biotreatment, J. Hazard. Mater.,163 (2009)
  4. Busca G., Berardinalli S., Resini C. and Arrighi L., Technologies for removal of phenol from fluid streams: A short review on recent developments, J. hazard. Mat.,160 265-288 (2008)
  5. Desai J.D. and Ramakrishna C., Microbial degradation of cyanides and its commercial application, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 57 (1998)
  6. Dash R.R., Balomajumdar C. and Kumar A., Treatment of metal cyanide bearing wastewater by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB), J. Hazard. Mater.,152(2008)
  7. Parga J.R., Shukla S.S. and Carrillo-Pedroza F.R., Destruction of cyanidewaste solutions using chlorine dioxide, ozone and titania sol, Waste Manage., 23 (2003)
  8. Veeresh G.S., Kumar P. and Mehrotra I., Treatment of phenol and cresols in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process: a review, Water Res.,39(2005)
  9. McKay G. and Bino M.J., Adsorption of pollutants onto activated carbon in fixed beds, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.,37 (1987)
  10. Dash R.R., Kumar A. and Balomajumder C., Removal of cyanide from water and wastewater using granulated activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J., 146(2009)
  11. Huff J.E., Fochtman E.G. and Bigger J.M., Cyanide removal from refinery wastewater using powdered activated carbon, in: P.N. Cheremisinoff, F. Ellenbusch (Eds.), Carbon Adsorption Handbook, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI (1978)
  12. Guo R., Chakrabarti C.L., Subramanian K.S., Ma X., Lu Y., Cheng J. and Pickering W.F., Sorption of low levels of cyanide by granular activated carbon, Water Environ. Res., 65 (1993)
  13. Adhoum N. and Monser L., Removal of cyanide fromaqueous solution usingimpregnated activated carbon, Chem. Eng. Process.,41 (2002)
  14. Srivastava V.C., Swamy M. M., Mall I.D., Prasad B. and Mishra I.M., Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, Kinetics and thermodynamics, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 272 (2006)
  15. El-Naas M.H., Al-Zuhair S. and Alhaija M.A., Removal of phenol from petroleum refinery wastewater through adsorption on date-pit activated carbon, Chem. Eng. J., 162 (2010)
  16. Girods P., Dufour A., Fierro V., Rogaume Y., Rogaume C., Zoulalian A. and Celzard A., Activated carbons prepared from wood particleboard wastes: Characterisation and phenol adsorption capacities, J. Hazard. Mater., 166 (2009)
  17. APHA, Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC (2001)
  18. Elliott H.A. and Huang C.P., Adsorption characteristics of some Cu(II) complexes on alumino silicates, Water Res., 15 (1981)
  19. Dzombak D.A., Ghosh R.S. and Wong-Chong G.M., Cyanide in Water and Soil Chemistry, Risk and Management, Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, NW (2006)
  20. Adams M.D., Removal of cyanide from solution using activated carbon, Miner. Eng. 7 (2003)
  21. Blanco-Martínez D.A., Giraldo L. and Moreno-Piraján J.C., Effect of the pH in the adsorption and in the immersion enthalpy of monohydroxylated phenols from aqueous solutions on activated carbons, J. Hazard. Mater., 169 (2009)
  22. Richard D., Delgado M.L. and Schweich D., Adsorption of complex phenolic compounds on activated charcoal: adsorption capacity and isotherms, Chem. Eng. J., 148(2009)
  23. Laszlo K., Tombacz E. and Kerepesi P., Surface chemistry of nanoporous carbon and effect of pH of adsorption from aqueous phenol and 2,3,4 trichlorophenol solutions, Colloids Surface A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 230(2003)
  24. Mondal P., Majumder C.B. and Mohanty B., Effects of adsorbent dose, its particle size and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic, iron and manganese rom simulated groundwater by Fe3+ impregnated activated carbon, J. Hazard. Mater.,150 (2008)
  25. Swamy M. M., Studies on the treatment of phenolic wastewaters using adsorption and immobilized whole cells, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Roorkee, India (1998)